Process of supporting forms used in the construction of concrete and other masonry.



No. 814,585. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1906.

M. W. BROWN. PROCESS OF SUPPORTING FORMS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE AND OTHER MASONRY.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.3,1904.

WITNESSE: .4

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARSHALL W/BROWN, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. PROCESS OF SUPPORTING FORMS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE AND OTHER MASONRY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 6, 1906.

Application filed March 3, 1904. Serial No. 196,833.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MARSHALL W. BROWN, a resident of Pittsburg, county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Supporting Materials for Arches, Tunnels, &c., and 1 do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

The object of my invention is to provide a cheap and simple device for this class of work whereby the materialconcrete, such as linings or material for arches, &c.can be set in place or constructed in a rapid and convenient manner.

To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in the novel arrangement, construction, and combination of apparatus for supporting material for arches, tunnels, &c., as hereinafter more specially set forth and described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to construct and use my method and apparatus for su porting materials for arches, tunnels, &c,, will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an end elevation of the one-half portion of the apparatus for forming the lining or facing of a tunnel. Fig. 2 is a crosssection of a tunnel with the form removed and the lining completed.

Like symbols of reference herein indicate like parts in each of the figures of the drawmgs.

The apparatus is shown in connection with the lining of a tunnel, which tunnel is indicated at A and extending longitudinally along the vertical portion a, and on each side the face a of said tunnel is a wall-plate 1, which is secured against said portion a and is supported upon a series of plumb-posts .2, extending up from the floor or bottom a of the tunnel and along the face a of the said tunnel. Extending up from the wall-plates 1 and along the arched portion 6 of the face a of the tunnel are the series of timber ribs 3 for forming the external lining or arched frame B, and these are placed in line with the plumb-ribs 3 post 2. These timber ribs 3 are formed of the segmental sections 3 and are joined and connected to each other at their ends, so as to be held in place by the center or key section 3".

Connected to andextending out from the timber ribs 3 are the center forms 4 for forming the internal arched frame 0, and these forms are formed from a series of segmental sections 4, which are bolted together at their ends by the bolts 5, having the usual nuts 5 thereon. The lower sections 4 of the forms 4 are connected to the posts 2 by means of the rods 6, having the usual nuts 6 thereon, and the other sections 4 of the said forms are connected to the timber ribs 3 by means of the bolts 7, which are connected at one end to the lag-screws 8, fitting in the timber ribs 3, while their opposite ends pass through the sections 4 and are provided with the usual nuts 7 thereon.

Lagging 9 is placed over the center forms 4 for holding the material, such as concrete (1, forming the lining D within the space 10 formed by the external and internal arched frames B and C, respectively.

The manner of constructing and operating my improved apparatus for supporting material for arches, tunnels, &c., is as follows: After the tunnel A has been formed the plumbposts 2 are placed in position on the floor or bottom a and along the vertical portion a of the face a of said tunnel for supporting che the wall-plates 1 and external ar frame B. The wall-plates 1 can now be placed on said posts 2, and the segmental sections 3, forming the timber ribs 3 of said frame B, are then built up from said plates 1 and along the arched ortion b of said tunnel-face a, so that the ey-section 3 of said ribs 3 can be inserted into position for holding the sections 3 forming said arched frame B in place.

The lower section 4 of the frame 0, with lagging 9 secured thereon and extending to the top of the same, are placed in position along the frame B, so as to extend up from the bottom a of the tunnel A, and are held in place by means of the rods 6, which pass through the posts 2, lagging 9, and sections 4", as well as across the space 10 between the frames B and C, so as to be secured by means of the nuts 6 engaging with the outer ends of the said rods 6 and beyond thev posts 2 and sections 4.

The frame C extends for a sufficient distance along the timber ribs 3 so as to form a section of the lining, and the material, such as concrete d, for forming the said lining D, can now be brought along the tunnel A and into position for dumping into the space 10 between posts 2 and sections 4", and when a suflicient amount of said concrete has been dumped or placed into said space, so as to fill the same to the top of said sections 4 and between the lagging 9 and face a, the next set of sections 4, with lagging-9 thereon, are placed in position by being bolted to the upper ends of the lower sections 4 by means of the bolts 5, which engage the joining ends of said sections 4 and 4. Lag-screws 8 are screwed into the sections 3 of the timber ribs 3 and bolts 7 connected thereto, which pass across the space 10 and through the lagging 9 and sections 4 and are secured to said sections 4 by means of the nuts 7 engaging the outer ends of said bolts 7 and beyond said section 4 for holding said sections 4 in place. After this is done more concrete (1 can be dumped into the space 10 between the sections 3 and 4 and down onto the concrete already placed in said space between the posts 2 and sections 4 and when a sufficient amount of said concrete has been placed within said space to fill the same between the lagging 9 on said section 4 and face a the next set of sections 4, carrying their lagging 9, connected to the first-named sections 4 of the frame C and to the next sections 3 of the timber ribs 3 of the frame B opposite the same in like manner and the space between the frame filled, as before described. The next set of sections 4 of the frames 4, forming the arched frame C, can be thereby set in place and the space between them filled, and then the next set of sections 4, carrying the center sections 4" of the forms 4, can be placed in position and connected to their joining sections 4 and to the sections 3 and key-section 3 of the timber ribs 3 and the space between such sections 3, 3, and 4 filled the with material, thereby completing the arched-shaped lining D. After the concrete d in forming the lining D has become sufficiently set the segmental sections 4 and 4 of the forms 4, carrying the lagging 9, are disconnected from each other and from the sections 4, as well as from the lining D, by removing or unscrewing the nuts 5 from the bolts 5 and the nuts 7 from the bolts 7, so that these sections 4 and 4" can be removed from said lining, after which the lower sections 4, carrying the lagging 9 of the forms 4, can be removed from said lining D by unscrewing the nuts 6 from the rods 6. After such a section of the lining D has been so formed the forms 4 can be removed to another part of the tunnel and set in position on the timber ribs 3, so that another section of said lining can be formed, as above described. By the removal of the nuts 5, 7, and 6 from the bolts 5 and 7 and the rod 6 the ends of said bolts and rods will extend through the lining D, and these ends can be out off at the intrados or face of the said lining, and any such exposed portions of said bolts and rods can then, if desired, be covered up by material placed over the same.

In case of a gravel face in the tunnel A there is shown in Fig. 2 the lagging 9, which can be placed around the wall-plates 1, posts 2, and timber ribs 3, forming the frame B, so as to come against the face a, of the tunnel A and prevent any gravel within the face of said tunnel from dropping down within the space 10 between the frames B and C.

It will thus be seen that in the use of my improved apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c., the parts composing the forms being portable are capable of being set in place rapidly and conveniently, and after the lining is formed and set such forms can be easily removed from such lining and used at another point in forming another section of lining. The apparatus does away with the use of the ordinary truss-centers, which occupied the entire width and space within the tunnel and would not permit of the filling of the space with material except at a point between such centers. This apparatus being suspended from the timber ribs permits almost the entire space within the tunnel being used and enables the operators to run travelers along the bottom of the tunnel for conveying dump-cars and from which cars the materials are dumped within the space to form the lining and at any point along the section of the forms. In case reinforcement-timbers are placed within the tunnel to support the regular timber lining or ribs at places it is evident that such timbers would stand in the way of dumping the concrete-cars into the side-wall forms, so that it would be necessary in such a case to dump the material upon the platform of the traveler and then throw it to place with shovels from said traveler. It will also be evident that at times when temporary supports are needed for the timber lining or ribs such supports can be placed by blocking up under the sides of the traveler to take the weight off the wheels and standing the supporting-struts upon the top of the traveler. It will also be obvious that my improved apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c. can be used for the formation of linings other than that used in tunnels, as well as for the building of floors, ceilings, &c., and other forms of arches, linings, &c., as well as for other purposes. The device can also be used for the handling of other materials than concrete, such as masonry, shale, broken stone, &c. These and various other uses, changes, and modifications in the-construction and design of the various parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c., the combination with the tunnel face or lining, of forms carrying lagging and composed of a series of sections, said sections being suspended from said face or lining for forming a space for said materials and being removably connected to ether, and means for suspending said forms om said face or lining.

2. In apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c., the combination with the tunnel face or lining, of forms carrying lagging and composed of a series of sections, said sections being suspendedfrom said face or lining to form a space for said materials and being removably connected together, and bolts or rods connecting said face or lining and forms for suspending the latter.

3. In apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c. the combination With the tunnel face or lining, of forms carrying lagging and suspended from said ribs to form a space for said materials, lag-screws connected to said face or lining, and bolts or rods connecting said lag-screws and forms for suspending the latter.

4. In apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c., the combination With the tunnel face or lining, of forms carrying lagging and composed of a series of sections, said sections being suspended from said face or lining to form a space for said materials, lag-screws connected to said face or lining, and bolts or rods connecting said lag-screws and forms for suspending the latter.

5. In apparatus for supporting materials for arches, tunnels, &c., the combination With the tunnel face or lining, of forms carrying lagging and composed of a series of sections, said sections being suspended from said face or lining to form a space for said materials and being removably connected together, lag screws connected to said face or lining, and bolts or rods connecting said face or lining and forms for suspending the latter.

In testimony whereof I have name to this specification in the tWo subscribing Witnesses.

MARSHALL W. BROWN.

signed my presence of Witnesses:

DAVID S. McCoMAs, J. N. 000192.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 814,585, granted March 6, 1906,

upon the application of Marshall W. Brown, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, the title of the invention was erroneously Written and printed Processes of Supporting Forms Used in the Construction of Concrete and Other Masonry, whereas the said title should have been Written and printed Apparatus for Supporting Materials for Arches,

Tunnels, &;c.; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform tothe record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 27th day of March, A. D., 1906.

[SEAL] F. I. ALLEN,

Commissioner of Patents. 

